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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>1.0.0 Porting Guide — kitchen 1.1.1 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '', VERSION: '1.1.1', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="_static/doctools.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within kitchen 1.1.1 documentation" href="_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="top" title="kitchen 1.1.1 documentation" href="index.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Conventions for contributing to kitchen" href="hacking.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Exceptions" href="api-exceptions.html" /> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="hacking.html" title="Conventions for contributing to kitchen" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="api-exceptions.html" title="Exceptions" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><a href="index.html">kitchen 1.1.1 documentation</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="porting-guide"> <h1>1.0.0 Porting Guide<a class="headerlink" href="#porting-guide" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The 0.1 through 1.0.0 releases focused on bringing in functions from yum and python-fedora. This porting guide tells how to port from those APIs to their kitchen replacements.</p> <div class="section" id="python-fedora"> <h2>python-fedora<a class="headerlink" href="#python-fedora" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="45%" /> <col width="55%" /> </colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-odd"><td>python-fedora</td> <td>kitchen replacement</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fedora.iterutils.isiterable()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-iterutils.html#kitchen.iterutils.isiterable" title="kitchen.iterutils.isiterable"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.iterutils.isiterable()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#f1" id="id1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fedora.textutils.to_unicode()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode()</span></tt></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">fedora.textutils.to_bytes()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes()</span></tt></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="f1" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td><p class="first"><a class="reference internal" href="api-iterutils.html#kitchen.iterutils.isiterable" title="kitchen.iterutils.isiterable"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">isiterable()</span></tt></a> has changed slightly in kitchen. The <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">include_string</span></tt> attribute has switched its default value from <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#True" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt></a> to <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/constants.html#False" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt></a>. So you need to change code like:</p> <div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># Old code</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">isiterable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">True</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># New code</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">isiterable</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'abcdef'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">include_string</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">True</span> </pre></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="section" id="yum"> <h2>yum<a class="headerlink" href="#yum" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <table border="1" class="docutils"> <colgroup> <col width="35%" /> <col width="65%" /> </colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr class="row-odd"><td>yum</td> <td>kitchen replacement</td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.dummy_wrapper()</span></tt></td> <td><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.i18n.DummyTranslations.ugettext()</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y1" id="id2">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.dummyP_wrapper()</span></tt></td> <td><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.i18n.DummyTanslations.ungettext()</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y1" id="id3">[2]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_width()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-display.html#kitchen.text.display.textual_width" title="kitchen.text.display.textual_width"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.display.textual_width()</span></tt></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_width_chop()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-display.html#kitchen.text.display.textual_width_chop" title="kitchen.text.display.textual_width_chop"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.display.textual_width_chop()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-display.html#kitchen.text.display.textual_width" title="kitchen.text.display.textual_width"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.display.textual_width()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y2" id="id4">[3]</a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y4" id="id5">[5]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_valid()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-misc.html#kitchen.text.misc.byte_string_valid_encoding" title="kitchen.text.misc.byte_string_valid_encoding"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.misc.byte_string_valid_encoding()</span></tt></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_text_wrap()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-display.html#kitchen.text.display.wrap" title="kitchen.text.display.wrap"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.display.wrap()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y3" id="id6">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_text_fill()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-display.html#kitchen.text.display.fill" title="kitchen.text.display.fill"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.display.fill()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y3" id="id7">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.to_unicode()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y5" id="id8">[6]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.to_unicode_maybe()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y5" id="id9">[6]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.to_utf8()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y5" id="id10">[6]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.to_str()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y6" id="id11">[7]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.str_eq()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-misc.html#kitchen.text.misc.str_eq" title="kitchen.text.misc.str_eq"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.misc.str_eq()</span></tt></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.misc.to_xml()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.unicode_to_xml" title="kitchen.text.converters.unicode_to_xml"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.unicode_to_xml()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.byte_string_to_xml" title="kitchen.text.converters.byte_string_to_xml"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.byte_string_to_xml()</span></tt></a> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y7" id="id12">[8]</a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n._()</span></tt></td> <td>See: <a class="reference internal" href="#yum-i18n-init"><em>Initializing Yum i18n</em></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.P_()</span></tt></td> <td>See: <a class="reference internal" href="#yum-i18n-init"><em>Initializing Yum i18n</em></a></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.exception2msg()</span></tt></td> <td><a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode()</span></tt></a> or <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converter.exception_to_bytes()</span></tt> <a class="footnote-reference" href="#y8" id="id13">[9]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y1" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label">[2]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id2">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id3">2</a>)</em> These yum methods provided fallback support for <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/gettext.html#gettext" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">gettext</span></tt></a> functions in case either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gaftonmode</span></tt> was set or <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.python.org/library/gettext.html#gettext" title="(in Python v2.7)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">gettext</span></tt></a> failed to return an object. In kitchen, we can use the <a class="reference internal" href="api-i18n.html#kitchen.i18n.DummyTranslations" title="kitchen.i18n.DummyTranslations"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.i18n.DummyTranslations</span></tt></a> object to fulfill that role. Please see <a class="reference internal" href="#yum-i18n-init"><em>Initializing Yum i18n</em></a> for more suggestions on how to do this.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y2" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id4">[3]</a></td><td>The yum version of these functions returned a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt>. The kitchen version listed here returns a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string. If you need a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> simply call <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes()</span></tt></a> on the result.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y3" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label">[4]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id6">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id7">2</a>)</em> The yum version of these functions would return either a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> or a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string depending on what the input value was. The kitchen version always returns <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> strings.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y4" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id5">[5]</a></td><td><p class="first"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.utf8_width_chop()</span></tt> performed two functions. It returned the piece of the message that fit in a specified width and the width of that message. In kitchen, you need to call two functions, one for each action:</p> <div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># Old way</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">utf8_width_chop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">(5, 'く ku')</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="c"># New way</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.text.display</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">textual_width</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">textual_width_chop</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">textual_width</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">textual_width_chop</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">msg</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="go">(5, u'く ku')</span> </pre></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y5" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label">[6]</td><td><em>(<a class="fn-backref" href="#id8">1</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id9">2</a>, <a class="fn-backref" href="#id10">3</a>)</em> <p>If the yum version of <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_unicode()</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_utf8()</span></tt> is given an object that is not a string, it returns the object itself. <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes()</span></tt></a> default to returning the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">simplerepr</span></tt> of the object instead. If you want the yum behaviour, set the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">nonstring</span></tt> parameter to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">passthru</span></tt>:</p> <div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.text.converters</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">to_unicode</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">u'5'</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">nonstring</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">'passthru'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">5</span> </pre></div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y6" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id11">[7]</a></td><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.to_str()</span></tt> could return either a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt>. or a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string In kitchen you can get the same effect but you get to choose whether you want a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> or a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string. Use <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_bytes()</span></tt></a> for <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> and <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">to_unicode()</span></tt></a> for <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt>.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y7" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id12">[8]</a></td><td><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.misc.to_xml()</span></tt> was buggy as written. I think the intention was for you to be able to pass a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> or <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string in and get out a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> that was valid to use in an xml file. The two kitchen functions <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.byte_string_to_xml" title="kitchen.text.converters.byte_string_to_xml"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">byte_string_to_xml()</span></tt></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.unicode_to_xml" title="kitchen.text.converters.unicode_to_xml"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode_to_xml()</span></tt></a> do that for each string type.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="y8" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id13">[9]</a></td><td><p class="first">When porting <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.exception2msg()</span></tt> to use kitchen, you should setup two wrapper functions to aid in your port. They’ll look like this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.text.converters</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS</span><span class="p">,</span> \ <span class="n">BYTE_EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exception_to_unicode</span><span class="p">,</span> \ <span class="n">exception_to_bytes</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">exception2umsg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="sd">'''Return a unicode representation of an exception'''</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">exception_to_unicode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">converters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">exception2bmsg</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="sd">'''Return a utf8 encoded str representation of an exception'''</span> <span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">e</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">extend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BYTE_EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">exception_to_bytes</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">e</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">converters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p class="last">The reason to define this wrapper is that many of the exceptions in yum put the message in the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> attribute of the <tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt> instead of adding it to the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">args</span></tt> attribute. So the default <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS" title="kitchen.text.converters.EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS"><tt class="xref py py-data docutils literal"><span class="pre">EXCEPTION_CONVERTERS</span></tt></a> don’t know where to find the message. The wrapper tells kitchen to check the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">value</span></tt> attribute for the message. The reason to define two wrappers may be less obvious. <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.exception2msg()</span></tt> can return a <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> string or a byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> depending on a combination of what attributes are present on the <tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">Exception</span></tt> and what locale the function is being run in. By contrast, <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode" title="kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_unicode()</span></tt></a> only returns <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> strings and <a class="reference internal" href="api-text-converters.html#kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_bytes" title="kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_bytes"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.text.converters.exception_to_bytes()</span></tt></a> only returns byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt>. This is much safer as it keeps code that can only handle <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">unicode</span></tt> or only handle byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> correctly from getting the wrong type when an input changes but it means you need to examine the calling code when porting from <tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.i18n.exception2msg()</span></tt> and use the appropriate wrapper.</p> </td></tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="section" id="initializing-yum-i18n"> <span id="yum-i18n-init"></span><h3>Initializing Yum i18n<a class="headerlink" href="#initializing-yum-i18n" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>Previously, yum had several pieces of code to initialize i18n. From the toplevel of <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum/i18n.py</span></tt>:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><pre>try:. ''' Setup the yum translation domain and make _() and P_() translation wrappers available. using ugettext to make sure translated strings are in Unicode. ''' import gettext t = gettext.translation('yum', fallback=True) _ = t.ugettext P_ = t.ungettext except: ''' Something went wrong so we make a dummy _() wrapper there is just returning the same text ''' _ = dummy_wrapper P_ = dummyP_wrapper</pre> </div> <p>With kitchen, this can be changed to this:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">kitchen.i18n</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">easy_gettext_setup</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">DummyTranslations</span> <span class="k">try</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">P_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">easy_gettext_setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'yum'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">except</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">translations</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DummyTranslations</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">translations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ugettext</span> <span class="n">P_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">translations</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ungettext</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="first admonition-title">Note</p> <p>In <a class="reference internal" href="unicode-frustrations.html#overcoming-frustration"><em>Overcoming frustration: Correctly using unicode in python2</em></a>, it is mentioned that for some things (like exception messages), using the byte <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">str</span></tt> oriented functions is more appropriate. If this is desired, the setup portion is only a second call to <a class="reference internal" href="api-i18n.html#kitchen.i18n.easy_gettext_setup" title="kitchen.i18n.easy_gettext_setup"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">kitchen.i18n.easy_gettext_setup()</span></tt></a>:</p> <div class="last highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="n">b_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bP_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">easy_gettext_setup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">'yum'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">use_unicode</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <p>The second place where i18n is setup is in <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum.YumBase._getConfig()</span></tt> in <tt class="file docutils literal"><span class="pre">yum/__init_.py</span></tt> if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">gaftonmode</span></tt> is in effect:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">startupconf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gaftonmode</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">yum</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">i18n</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dummy_wrapper</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This can be changed to:</p> <div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">startupconf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">gaftonmode</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="k">global</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="n">_</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">DummyTranslations</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ugettext</span><span class="p">()</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="index.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">1.0.0 Porting Guide</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-fedora">python-fedora</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#yum">yum</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#initializing-yum-i18n">Initializing Yum i18n</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="api-exceptions.html" title="previous chapter">Exceptions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="hacking.html" title="next chapter">Conventions for contributing to kitchen</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="_sources/porting-guide-0.3.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="hacking.html" title="Conventions for contributing to kitchen" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="api-exceptions.html" title="Exceptions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><a href="index.html">kitchen 1.1.1 documentation</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. and others. 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